Sajarah Pengangguran US
Tingkat pengangguran paling dhuwur ing Amérika Serikat ana 24,9 persen ing taun 1933. Iki sajrone Depresi Besar.
Pengangguran luwih saka 14 persen saka taun 1931 nganti 1940. Pengangguran tetep ana ing angka tunggal nganti 1982 nalika nganti 10,8 persen. Tingkat pengangguran tahunan nganti 9.9 persen ing 2009, nalika Resesi Agung .
Tingkat pengangguran sing paling murah ana 1.2 persen ing 1944. Sampeyan bisa uga mikir yen pengangguran ora bisa kurang, nanging bisa. Malah ing perekonomian sing sehat, kudu tansah dadi tingkat pengangguran alami . Iku amarga wong pindhah sadurunge entuk proyek anyar, lagi ditraktir kanggo proyek sing luwih apik, utawa lagi wae wiwit nliti karya lan nunggu nganti ketemu mung proyek sing tepat. Sanajan tingkat pengangguran 4 persen, iku angel kanggo perusahaan berkembang amarga padha duwe wektu mbantah nemokake buruh apik.
Pagelaran pengangguran pas karo siklus bisnis . Wutah alon nyebabake pengangguran dhuwur. . Minangka reged produk domestik bruto , bisnis lay mati buruh.
Kanggo ngasilake, buruh ora duwe pekerjaan sing kurang. Belanja konsumen murah nyuda revenue bisnis. Sing pasukan perusahaan kanggo ngurangi payroll luwih kanggo ngurangi biaya. Siklus mudhun iki mbebayani.
Elinga yen tingkat pengangguran minangka indikator lagging. Iki tegese terus dadi luwih gedhe sawise ekonomi berkembang.
Perusahaan ragu-ragu babagan nyambut damel buruh bali nganti yakin manawa wutah isih stabil.
Nalika tingkat pengangguran nganti 6 persen, pamarentah mlebu ing. Federal Reserve nggunakake privasi moneter expansion lan nyuda tingkat dana federal . Yen pengangguran terus, Congress nggunakake fiskal privasi . Bisa langsung nggawe proyek kanggo proyek-proyek karya umum. Sampeyan uga bisa ngrangsang kabutuhan kanthi nyedhiyakake manfaat pengangguran maneh . Ngerteni luwih lengkap babagan solusi pengangguran .
Biro Statistik Buruh wis ngukur pengangguran wiwit taun 1929. Mulané tabel ngisor iki nuduhaké tingkat pengangguran saben taun wiwit kacilakan pasar saham taun 1929 . Mbandingaken pengangguran kanthi taun kanggo kawicaksanan fiskal lan babakan dhuwit menehi gambaran lengkap apa sing dianggo lan apa ora.
US Pengangguran Rate dening Taun Dibandhingake GDP Wutah, Inflasi lan Mayor Kedadean
| Taun | Tingkat Pengangguran (Desember) | Pertumbuhan PDB | Inflasi (Desember Taun liwat) | Ana apa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.2% | NA | 0.6% | Kacilakan pasar |
| 1930 | 8,7% | -8,5% | -6,4% | Smoot-Hawley |
| 1931 | 15,9% | -6,4% | -9,3% | Debu Bowl |
| 1932 | 23,6% | -12.9% | -10,3% | Pajak kena pajak Hoover |
| 1933 | 24.9% | -1,3% | 0,8% | New Deal FDR |
| 1934 | 21.7% | 10,8% | 1.5% | Depresi mudhun thanks kanggo Deal Anyar. |
| 1935 | 20,1% | 8,9% | 3.0% | |
| 1936 | 16.9% | 12,9% | 1.4% | |
| 1937 | 14,3% | 5.1% | 2.9% | Nglampahi ngethok |
| 1938 | 19,0% | -3,3% | -2,8% | FLSA wiwit min upah |
| 1939 | 17,2% | 8.0% | 0% | Panyebrangan rampung |
| 1940 | 14,6% | 8,8% | 0.7% | US draft |
| 1941 | 9.9% | 17,7% | 9.9% | Pearl Harbor |
| 1942 | 4.7% | 18.9% | 9,0% | Pertahanan tripled |
| 1943 | 1.9% | 17,0% | 3.0% | Jerman nyerah |
| 1944 | 1.2% | 8.0% | 2,3% | Bretton Woods |
| 1945 | 1.9% | -1,0% | 2.2% | Perang rampung. Wage min $ .40 |
| 1946 | 3.9% | -11,6% | 18.1% | Undhang-undhang Employment |
| 1947 | 3.9% | -1.1% | 8,8% | Marshall Plan |
| 1948 | 4.0% | 4.1% | 3.0% | Truman dipilih maneh |
| 1949 | 6.6% | -0.5% | -2.1% | Panjaluk Adil. NATO |
| 1950 | 4.3% | 8,7% | 5.9% | Perang Korea . Wage min $ .75 |
| 1951 | 3.1% | 8.1% | 6.0% | Ekspansi |
| 1952 | 2.7% | 4.1% | 0,8% | Ekspansi |
| 1953 | 4.5% | 4.7% | 0.7% | Perang Korea rampung |
| 1954 | 5.0% | -0,6% | -0.7% | Dow bali menyang tingkat 1929 |
| 1955 | 4.2% | 7.1% | 0.4% | Pengangguran ambruk |
| 1956 | 4.2% | 2.1% | 3.0% | Upah $ 1.00 |
| 1957 | 5.2% | 2.1% | 2.9% | Resesi |
| 1958 | 6.2% | -0.7% | 1.8% | |
| 1959 | 5.3% | 6.9% | 1.7% | Ekspansi. |
| Taun 1960 | 6.6% | 2.6% | 1.4% | Resesi. |
| 1961 | 6.0% | 2.6% | 0.7% | JFK . Wage minus $ 1.15 |
| 1962 | 5.5% | 6.1% | 1.3% | Krisis Peluru Kuba |
| 1963 | 5.5% | 4.4% | 1.6% | LBJ . Saldo minimal $ 1,25 |
| 1964 | 5.0% | 5,8% | 1.0% | Potong pajak |
| 1965 | 4.0% | 6.5% | 1.9% | Perang Vietnam |
| 1966 | 3.8% | 6.6% | 3.5% | Ekspansi |
| 1967 | 3.8% | 2.7% | 3.0% | Wage Min $ 1.40 |
| 1968 | 3.4% | 4.9% | 4.7% | Upah $ 1,60 |
| 1969 | 3.5% | 3.1% | 6.2% | Nixon njupuk kantor |
| 1970 | 6.1% | 0.2% | 5.6% | Resesi |
| 1971 | 6.0% | 3.3% | 3.3% | Undhang-undhang Pekerjaan Darurat. Kontrol regane regane |
| 1972 | 5.2% | 5.2% | 3.4% | Stagflasi . |
| 1973 | 4.9% | 5.6% | 8,7% | CETA. Standar emas , Perang Vietnam rampung |
| 1974 | 7.2% | -0.5% | 12,3% | Watergate. Upah minimum $ 2.00 |
| 1975 | 8.2% | -0.2% | 6.9% | Resesi rampung. |
| 1976 | 7,8% | 5.4% | 4.9% | Ekspansi. |
| 1977 | 6.4% | 4.6% | 6.7% | Carter njupuk kantor. |
| 1978 | 6.0% | 5.6% | 9,0% | Fed ngunggahake tarif nganti 20% kanggo mungkasi inflasi |
| 1979 | 6.0% | 3.2% | 13,3% | |
| Taun 1980 | 7.2% | -0.2% | 12,5% | Resesi |
| 1981 | 8.5% | 2.6% | 8,9% | Reagan tax cuts. Ing upah $ 3,25 |
| 1982 | 10,8% | -1,9% | 3.8% | Undhang-undhang. Undhang Garn-St.Germain. |
| 1983 | 8.3% | 4.6% | 3.8% | Reagan nambah belanja militer |
| 1984 | 7.3% | 7.3% | 3.9% | |
| 1985 | 7,0% | 4.2% | 3.8% | Ekspansi |
| 1986 | 6.6% | 3.5% | 1.1% | Pemotongan pajak |
| 1987 | 5.7% | 3.5% | 4.4% | Black Monday |
| 1988 | 5.3% | 4.2% | 4.4% | Ngurangi tarif panganan |
| 1989 | 5.4% | 3,7% | 4.6% | S & L Krisis |
| 1990 | 6.3% | 1.9% | 6.1% | Resesi |
| 1991 | 7.3% | -0,1% | 3.1% | Desert Storm. Wage minus $ 4.25 |
| 1992 | 7.4% | 3.6% | 2.9% | NAFTA disusun |
| 1993 | 6.5% | 2.7% | 2.7% | Undhang-undhang Balanced Budget |
| 1994 | 5.5% | 4.0% | 2.7% | Sekolah Kanggo Work Act |
| 1995 | 5.6% | 2.7% | 2.5% | Ekspansi |
| 1996 | 5.4% | 3.8% | 3.3% | Reformasi kesejahteraan |
| 1997 | 4.7% | 4.5% | 1.7% | Wage minus $ 5.85 |
| 1998 | 4.4% | 4.5% | 1.6% | Krisis LTCM |
| 1999 | 4.0% | 4.7% | 2.7% | Euro . Airstrike Serbia |
| 2000 | 3.9% | 4.1% | 3.4% | NASDAQ mencet rekor dhuwur. |
| 2001 | 5.7% | 1.0% | 1.6% | Pemotongan pajak Bush . Serangan 9/11 |
| 2002 | 6.0% | 1.8% | 2.4% | Perang Teror |
| 2003 | 5.7% | 2.8% | 1.9% | JGTRRA |
| 2004 | 5.4% | 3.8% | 3.3% | Ekspansi. |
| 2005 | 4.9% | 3.3% | 3.4% | Undhang-undhang Bankruptcy . Katrina |
| 2006 | 4.4% | 2.7% | 2.5% | Ekspansi. |
| 2007 | 5.0% | 1.8% | 4.1% | EU dadi # 1 ékonomi. |
| 2008 | 7.3% | -0.3% | 0,1% | Min. upah = $ 6.55 / jam. Krisis keuangan |
| 2009 | 9.9% | -2,8% | 2.7% | ARRA . Wage minus $ 7.25. Keuntungan pengangguran ditambah |
| 2010 | 9,3% | 2.5% | 1.5% | Pemotongan pajak Obama . Perang Irak rampung |
| 2011 | 8.5% | 1.6% | 3.0% | 26 sasi kepungkur ing proyek nalika Juli. Krisis utang langit . |
| 2012 | 7,9% | 2.2% | 1.7% | QE . Tingkat 10 taun ing 200 taun kurang . Cliff fiscal . |
| 2013 | 6.7% | 1.7% | 1.5% | Saham nganti 30%. Long term = 50% pengangguran. |
| 2014 | 5.6% | 2.6% | 0,8% | Pengangguran ing tingkat 2007. |
| 2015 | 5.0% | 2.9% | 0.7% | Tingkat alam |
| 2016 | 4.7% | 1.5% | 2.1% | Lomba presiden |
| 2017 | 4.1% | 2.9% | 2.1% | Dolar lemah |
Sumber Daya kanggo Tabel
- BLS, Tingkat Pengangguran miturut Taun. Data sadurunge 1948 saka "Tenaga Kerja, Pengangguran lan Pengangguran, 1929-1939: Perkiraan Metode."
- BEA, Tabel Akun lan Pendapatan Nasional: Tabel 1.1.5. Nominal PDB, Tabel 1.1.1. Tingkat pertumbuhan PDB
- Rate Dana Pensiun Bersejarah
- Sejarah Dow Closing Rata-rata
- Resesi Sejarah
- Sajarah Standar Emas
- Riwayat Riwayat LIBOR
- Defisit Anggaran Sajarah
- BLS, Tingkat Inflasi Sajarah
- InfoPlease, US Headlines by Year
- Cal Poly College, Timeline of Depression Great
- Staffing.com, Pengangguran Timeline